A transom closer is a hydraulic door closer mounted inside the transom — the horizontal box section above the door — rather than on its face. A spindle drops from the closer into a slide arm let into the top rail of the leaf, and the leaf itself turns on a bottom pivot in the threshold. Because nothing shows on the door, transom closers were specified on the great majority of UK aluminium shopfronts, office entrances and public-building doors from the 1980s onward, and they are still the standard on new glazed entrances today.
They fail the way any hydraulic closer fails: the seals wear, the oil that damps the closing swing bypasses the speed valves, and the door either drops shut with a bang or drifts and stops short of the latch. The give-away is that the adjustment screws stop doing anything. A closer that will not hold an adjustment is not a closer that needs adjusting — it is one that needs replacing. On doors of this age the arm, the slide channel and the bottom pivot have usually worn with it, which is why we change them together.
The units we meet most often are the Dorma RTS 85 and its current successor the RTS 88, Axim concealed closers, and Adams Rite units such as the ARC51N. All share a similar transom footprint, so a like-for-like or universal-fit replacement almost always drops into the existing box without any work to the frame.